Who is most at risk for yellow fever?

Anyone can get yellow fever, but older people have a higher risk of severe infection. If a person is bitten by an infected mosquito, symptoms usually develop 3 to 6 days later.
The CDC and WHO recommend the following vaccinations for travelers to North and West Africa: hepatitis A, hepatitis B, typhoid, cholera, yellow fever, rabies, anthrax and meningitis.

If you or your child have recently had the MMR vaccine, you’ll need to wait at least 4 weeks before having the yellow fever vaccination. You may be able to get your vaccination at your local GP practice, but they are not free on the NHS and typically cost between £60 to £85.

Infants younger than 6 months of age should not get the vaccine. In addition, anyone with a severe allergy to any part of the vaccine, including eggs, chicken proteins, or gelatin should not get the vaccine. Anyone who has had a severe reaction to a previous dose of yellow fever vaccine should not be vaccinated again.

Vaccination against yellow fever is mandatory for all travellers over nine months of age arriving from any countries with a risk of yellow fever – even if they’ve only transited (for more than 12 hours) through the airport.
The vaccine provides effective immunity within 10 days for 80-100% of people vaccinated, and within 30 days for more than 99% of people vaccinated.

One dose of yellow fever vaccine provides lifelong protection in most people. A booster dose would only be recommended if you were previously vaccinated in one of the following circumstances: while pregnant. less than two years old.

The International Certificate of Vaccination for yellow fever is only considered valid 10 days after vaccination and the validity lasts for the life of the person vaccinated.

Yellow Fever Stamps
Stamps no longer include an expiration date and need to be replaced only if worn or lost; however, recertification is still required every three years.

In 2014, the World Health Organization adopted the recommendation to remove the 10-year booster dose requirement from the IHR as of June 2016. Once this change is instituted, a completed International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis will be valid for the lifetime of the vaccine.

YELLOW FEVER VACCINE REQUIREMENTS
South Africa considers a one-time dose of yellow fever vaccine (properly documented with an ICVP) to be good for the life of the traveler. Any traveler not meeting this requirement can be refused entry to South Africa or quarantined for up to 6 days.
The yellow fever vaccine provides lifelong protection for most people. A further dose of vaccine is recommended for a small number of travellers who are visiting yellow fever risk areas, including those who were previously vaccinated when they were: pregnant.

Do not donate blood for 14 days after vaccination, because there is a risk of passing vaccine virus to others during that period. Discuss your itinerary with your health care provider before you get your yellow fever vaccination.

The yellow fever jab is available at your local Superdrug travel health clinic, which is a registered yellow fever centre. You need to arrange your vaccine for a date at least ten days before you travel.

The issuing vaccinating centre that gave you the original certificate may be able to provide you with a another copy. If you do not have a valid yellow fever vaccination certificate, you risk being refused entry into many countries, or may require vaccination upon entry.
Every adult should get a Tdap vaccine once if they did not receive it as an adolescent to protect against pertussis (whooping cough), and then a Td (tetanus, diphtheria) or Tdap booster shot every 10 years.

A safe and effective yellow fever vaccine has been available for more than 80 years. A single dose provides lifelong protection for most people. The vaccine is a live, weakened form of the virus given as a single shot.
For most people, a single dose of yellow fever vaccine provides long-lasting protection and a booster dose of the vaccine is not needed. However, travelers going to areas with ongoing outbreaks may consider getting a booster dose of yellow fever vaccine if it has been 10 years or more since they were last vaccinated.

After having it once, a person is generally immune, meaning that they are unlikely to have it again. Yellow fever can occur in settlements close to the jungle, where infected monkeys and mosquitoes live, and it can spread from there.

Additional copies of the ICVP can be ordered from Public Health Scotland online or by calling the Travel Health Section (yellow fever) on 0141 300 1137.
During tournaments or club leagues, if a player receives a yellow card in two different games, he will be suspended from his team’s next fixture. However, at the FIFA World Cup 2022, yellow cards are not carried forward from the quarter-finals to the semi-finals.

The most common types of mosquito that transmit the yellow fever virus are Aedes spp (including Aedes aegypti), Haemagogus spp and Sabethes spp. These mosquitoes are not present in the UK and are unlikely to establish in the near future as the UK temperature is not consistently high enough for them to breed.